I started serious cycling in England as a teenager, but I've now lived in Canada for 52 years. I learned all the cycling lingo as a youngster and when I took it up again in my thirties, I found some of the newly coined North American terms for bike parts somewhat hard to accept. Maybe such a list already exists somewhere and maybe some of you from the UK can ad to it, but here's a glossary of British cycling terms as I remember them. Some of them may no longer be current, because my memories are from the 1950s, but they should be on-topic.
tubs = tubulars or sew-ups sprints or sprint rims = tubular rims (for the above) Campag = Campy (how I hate that word) ends (front or rear) = dropouts (although dropouts was also used for the rear) top eyes = seatstay caps (I actualy learned this on this list) extension = stem seat pillar = seat post saddle = seat (but "saddle" is probably more common now here too) block = freewheel shoe plate = cleat chainset = crankset fixed wheel = fixed gear or fixie (yuk) HP tyres or pressures = clincher tires 1-1/4" or narrower double clanger (probably archaeic now) = front derailleur cape = rain poncho cheese cutter = flat cap worn with cape and used to wrap tools in spoke key = spoke wrench bronze welded = fillet brazed mudguards = fenders (but you knew that) scrubber = fred (I don't know if I've got that one exactly right, but we called non-club wannabe cyclists who didn't ride lightweights "scrubbers", although today that seems to be a derogatory term with other connotations. I don't even know if "fred" is what I think it means.)
That's all I can think of for now and I'm open to additions or corrections.
John Betmanis
Woodstock, Ontario
Canada